2006 166:2437–2445.Notification of denial, surrender, suspension, or revocation of certificates (January 2000-Current Date). Alcohol dosing and total mortality in men and women: an updated meta-analysis of 34 prospective studies. 2011 342:d671.ĭe Castelnuovo A, Costanzo S, Bagnardi V, Donati MB, Iacoviello L, de Gaetano G. Association of alcohol consumption with selected cardiovascular disease outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ronksley PE, Brien SE, Turner BJ, Mukamal KJ, Ghali WA. Alcohol as a risk factor for global burden of disease. ![]() ![]() The relationship of average volume of alcohol consumption and patterns of drinking to burden of disease: an overview. Rehm J, Room R, Graham K, Monteiro M, Gmel G, Sempos CT. Global burden of disease and risk factors. In: Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJ, editors. Comparative quantification of mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected risk factors. All rights reserved.Įzzati M, Hoorn SV, Lopez AD. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. These results suggest that alcohol control policies might need to be revised worldwide, refocusing on efforts to lower overall population-level consumption.Ĭopyright © 2018 The Author(s). We found that the risk of all-cause mortality, and of cancers specifically, rises with increasing levels of consumption, and the level of consumption that minimises health loss is zero. The level of alcohol consumption that minimised harm across health outcomes was zero (95% UI 0♰-0♸) standard drinks per week.Īlcohol use is a leading risk factor for global disease burden and causes substantial health loss. For populations aged 50 years and older, cancers accounted for a large proportion of total alcohol-attributable deaths in 2016, constituting 27♱% (95% UI 21♲-33♳) of total alcohol-attributable female deaths and 18♹% (15♳-22♶) of male deaths. The three leading causes of attributable deaths in this age group were tuberculosis (1♴% of total deaths), road injuries (1♲% ), and self-harm (1♱% ). For the population aged 15-49 years, female attributable DALYs were 2♳% (95% UI 2♰-2♶) and male attributable DALYs were 8♹% (7♸-9♹). Among the population aged 15-49 years, alcohol use was the leading risk factor globally in 2016, with 3♸% (95% UI 3♲-4♳) of female deaths and 12♲% (10♸-13♶) of male deaths attributable to alcohol use. Globally, alcohol use was the seventh leading risk factor for both deaths and DALYs in 2016, accounting for 2♲% (95% uncertainty interval 1♵-3♰) of age-standardised female deaths and 6♸% (5♸-8♰) of age-standardised male deaths. We made several methodological improvements compared with previous estimates: first, we adjusted alcohol sales estimates to take into account tourist and unrecorded consumption second, we did a new meta-analysis of relative risks for 23 health outcomes associated with alcohol use and third, we developed a new method to quantify the level of alcohol consumption that minimises the overall risk to individual health. ![]() Using 694 data sources of individual and population-level alcohol consumption, along with 592 prospective and retrospective studies on the risk of alcohol use, we produced estimates of the prevalence of current drinking, abstention, the distribution of alcohol consumption among current drinkers in standard drinks daily (defined as 10 g of pure ethyl alcohol), and alcohol-attributable deaths and DALYs. ![]() With our comprehensive approach to health accounting within the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we generated improved estimates of alcohol use and alcohol-attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 195 locations from 1990 to 2016, for both sexes and for 5-year age groups between the ages of 15 years and 95 years and older. Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for death and disability, but its overall association with health remains complex given the possible protective effects of moderate alcohol consumption on some conditions.
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